What is a VNS and when is it considered?

• A. Vagus nerve stimulation is a brain pacemaker placed in the cortex.
• B. Vagus nerve stimulation is a dietary supplement.
• C. Vagus nerve stimulation is a device implanted to modulate the vagus nerve and reduce seizures.
• D. Vagus nerve stimulation device; considered for refractory epilepsy when medications fail to achieve adequate seizure control.

Answer: (D)

Vagus nerve stimulation is a surgically implanted device that sends regular electrical impulses to the left vagus nerve in the neck, with a small generator placed under the skin in the chest. The aim is to modulate brain networks to reduce seizure frequency. It is typically considered for people with refractory epilepsy—seizures that are not adequately controlled by medications and when a resective surgical option isn’t suitable or effective. It’s an adjunctive therapy, not a brain pacemaker in the cortex, and not a dietary supplement. Patients may use a magnet to briefly increase stimulation during a seizure if directed by their clinician.